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哈卡斯文翻譯

這副石碑描寫了被降雨和黑暗所覆蓋的大地，還有“天空中永一直歇的風暴，其聲響要比人們的哭叫聲都還要響亮。”按照記載，這場龐大的風暴摧毀了底比斯地域的葬墓，神殿還有金字塔，後來法老也下令進行了修復工程 翻譯社這些片斷還描寫了沿著尼羅河向下飄蕩的屍首，的確就像“用紙莎草編成的艑舟”一樣 翻譯社這副銘文會不會是有史以來最古老 翻譯天色記實之ㄧ，和對錫拉火山爆發的目擊記錄呢？

Featured image: A recreation of the Tempest Stela. Photo source.

《大風暴石碑》是一副出土於底比斯，即今盧克索的卡納克神殿第三塔門中的6英尺高方解石石碑，根據對這40行銘文的翻譯，學者們而今可以加倍確信，碑文所描寫得異常氣候應該與錫拉（聖托里尼）火山的爆發有關 翻譯社這個發現意味著現有 翻譯年表可能要從頭修訂，特別是關於雅赫摩斯一世，也就是第18王朝 翻譯第一名法老的統治期間。

Egyptian pharaoh Ahmose. Photo credit: Metropolitan Museum of Art

Researchers Nadine Moeller and Robert Ritner from the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, believe the answer is yes. In their study, which appears in the spring issue of the Journal of Near Eastern Studies, the researchers explain that if the stela describe the aftermath of the Thera catastrophe, the correct dating of the stela and therefore Ahmose's reign 翻譯公司 would be 30 to 50 years earlier than currently believed, a finding that could change scholars' understanding of a critical juncture in human history as Bronze Age empires realigned.

《大風暴石碑》 翻譯破譯可能會改寫古代 翻譯時候表

埃及法老雅赫摩斯

However, not everyone agrees with the conclusion of the study authors. Marina Baldi, a scientist in climatology and meteorology at the Institute of Biometeorology of the National Research Council in Italy 翻譯公司 analysed the information on the stela along with her colleagues and compared it to known weather patterns in Egypt. She believes the description could relate to the ‘Red Sea Trough’ weather pattern which, when disrupted, brings severe weather 翻譯公司 heavy rain, and flash flooding. Other scholars, such as Egyptologist Ian Shaw believes the stela is propaganda put out by the pharaoh to rationalise a man-made disaster.

http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/translation-tempest-stela-could-change-ancient-timeline-001520?nopaging=1

“對學者來說，這在研究古代近東和地中海東部時有著很主要 翻譯影響，因為考古學家用來對照 翻譯年表凡是都是法老名單，目下當今這份新材料則可能會改變它們的年月，”莫勒說。

The Tempest Stela was erected by King Ahmose I 翻譯公司 who is believed to have ruled from 1550 BC. His reign marked the beginning of the New Kingdom 翻譯公司 a time when Egypt’s power reached its height.

The Tempest Stela is a 6-foot-tall calcite block found in the 3rd Pylon of the temple of Karnak in Thebes 翻譯公司 modern Luxor. In a new translation of the 40-line inscription, scholars affirm previous beliefs that its description of unusual weather patterns are consistent with the massive volcano eruption of Thera (Santorini). The implications could cause a revision in chronology, particularly in relation to the reign of the pharaoh Ahmose, the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty.

然而，也不是每一個人都贊成這項研究 翻譯作者們所得出的結論 翻譯社義大利國度委員會生物氣象研究所的天氣學與景象形象學家，瑪麗娜・巴爾迪一樣也和她的同事一路分析過了石碑上的記錄，並將其與埃及的天色模式相較。她認為這份銘文所描述的更可能與“紅海槽”的雜沓有關，這會激發卑劣 翻譯氣候，大量的降雨和閃電般的洪水。至於其他埃及學家，例如伊恩・肖則相信，這副石碑是法老為了合理化人為災害才特意編織的宣揚 翻譯社

A depiction of the volcanic eruption of Thera. Image source.

Translation of Tempest Stela could change ancient timeline

By April Holloway

對錫拉火山爆發的描繪

《大風暴石碑》是由雅赫摩斯一世豎立 翻譯，據信他的統治是從公元前1550年起頭。他 翻譯統治也標誌著新王國時期 翻譯開端，這是埃及國勢的巔峰。

"This is important to scholars of the ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean 翻譯公司 generally because the chronology that archaeologists use is based on the lists of Egyptian pharaohs, and this new information could adjust those dates," said Moeller.

The stela describes rain, darkness and 'the sky being in storm without cessation, louder than the cries of the masses.' The great storm is described as destroying tombs, temples and pyramids in the Theban region and the work of restoration ordered by the king. The passages also describe bodies floating down the Nile like "skiffs of papyrus." Could this inscription be one of the world’s oldest weather reports and an eye-witness account of the volcanic eruption of Thera?

The revised dating of Ahmose's reign could mean the dates of other key events in the ancient Near East fit together more logically 翻譯公司 scholars said. For example, David Schloen, associate professor in the Oriental Institute, says that it realigns the dates of the fall of the Canaanites and the collapse of the Babylonian Empire. The Thera eruption would have destroyed the Hyksos’ ports, weakened their sea power, and disrupted trade and agriculture, undermining the power of the Babylonian Empire 翻譯公司 and allowing Ahmose to rise to power 翻譯公司 taking over the Hyksos (Canaanite rules of Egypt).

芝加哥大學東方研究所的研究員納丁・莫勒和羅伯特・里特納認為謎底是必定的。憑據他們刊載在《近東研究期刊》春季號上的研究所說，若是石碑真的是在描寫錫拉火山爆發後的情狀，那麼該石碑以及雅赫摩斯 翻譯統治時候都應當被提早30-50年，這可能會改變學者對人類史上的青銅器帝國 翻譯重要時刻 翻譯理解。

學者還認為，重新修訂雅赫摩斯的統治年月可能會讓其它發生在古代近東的主要事宜變得加倍符合邏輯。例如東方研究所的副教授大衛・舒隆就指出，迦南人潰退與巴比倫帝國崩潰的年月都邑是以受到調整。錫拉火山爆發將摧毀喜克索斯人 翻譯口岸，使他們的海權實力大大削弱，商業與農業一樣難以倖免於難，這也會粉碎巴比倫帝國的實力，雅赫摩斯亦能趁此機會執掌權力，擯除喜克索斯人（統治埃及 翻譯迦南人）。